Ficha Técnica
Stainless steel, martensitic, ASTM CA-40, cast, tempered at 315°C
General information
Designation
ASTM CA-40
Condition Normalized (air cooled); tempered at 315°C
UNS number J91153
US name ASTM CA-40
Typical uses
Food processing, glass-making, oil refining, power plants, pulp and paper making
Composition overview
Compositional summary
Fe82-88 / Cr12-14 / C0.2-0.4 (impurities: Si<1.5, Mn<1, Ni<1, Mo<0.5, P<0.04, S<0.04)
Material family Metal (ferrous)
Base material Fe (Iron)
Composition detail (metals, ceramics and glasses)
C (carbon) 0,2 - 0,4 %
Cr (chromium) 11,5 - 14 %
Fe (iron) * 81,5 - 88,3 %
Mn (manganese) 0 - 1 %
Mo (molybdenum) 0 - 0,5 %
Ni (nickel) 0 - 1 %
P (phosphorus) 0 - 0,04 %
S (sulfur) 0 - 0,04 %
Si (silicon) 0 - 1,5 %
Price
Price * 1,02 - 1,09 EUR/kg
Price per unit volume * 7,74e3 - 8,36e3 EUR/m^3
Physical properties
Density 7,56e3 - 7,66e3 kg/m^3
Mechanical properties
Young's modulus 195 - 205 GPa
Specific stiffness 25,6 - 27 MN.m/kg
Yield strength (elastic limit) 1,08e3 - 1,2e3 MPa
Tensile strength 1,36e3 - 1,67e3 MPa
Specific strength 142 - 158 kN.m/kg
Elongation * 1 - 2 % strain
Compressive strength * 1,08e3 - 1,2e3 MPa
Flexural modulus * 195 - 205 GPa
Flexural strength (modulus of rupture) 1,08e3 - 1,2e3 MPa
Shear modulus 75 - 81 GPa
Bulk modulus 144 - 159 GPa
Poisson's ratio 0,275 - 0,285
Shape factor 20
Hardness - Vickers 460 - 480 HV
Hardness - Rockwell C * 44 - 50 HRC
Hardness - Brinell * 421 - 466 HB
Elastic stored energy (springs) 2,92e3 - 3,6e3 kJ/m^3
Fatigue strength at 10^7 cycles * 530 - 613 MPa
Fatigue strength model (stress range) * 464 - 701 MPa
Impact & fracture properties
Fracture toughness * 34 - 50 MPa.m^0.5
Toughness (G) 5,96 - 12,1 kJ/m^2
Thermal properties
Melting point 1,48e3 - 1,52e3 °C
Maximum service temperature * 255 - 305 °C
Minimum service temperature * -73 - -43 °C
Thermal conductivity 23 - 26 W/m.°C
Specific heat capacity 450 - 470 J/kg.°C
Thermal expansion coefficient 9 - 11 µstrain/°C
Thermal shock resistance 510 - 642 °C
Thermal distortion resistance * 2,19 - 2,76 MW/m
Latent heat of fusion * 260 - 285 kJ/kg
Electrical properties
Electrical resistivity 71 - 81 µohm.cm
Electrical conductivity 2,13 - 2,43 %IACS
Galvanic potential * -0,27 - -0,19 V
Magnetic properties
Magnetic type Magnetic
Optical, aesthetic and acoustic properties
Transparency Opaque
Acoustic velocity 5,06e3 - 5,19e3 m/s
Mechanical loss coefficient (tan delta) * 2,9e-4 - 3,5e-4
Healthcare & food
Food contact Yes
Restricted substances risk indicators
RoHS (EU) compliant grades? True
REACH Candidate List indicator (0-1, 1 = high risk) 0
SIN List indicator (0-1, 1 = high risk) 0
Critical materials risk
Contains >5wt% critical elements? Yes
Processing properties
Metal casting Acceptable
Metal cold forming Unsuitable
Metal hot forming Unsuitable
Metal press forming Unsuitable
Metal deep drawing Unsuitable
Machining speed 9,75 m/min
Weldability Good
Carbon equivalency 2,5 - 3,53
Durability
Water (fresh) Excellent
Water (salt) Excellent
Weak acids Excellent
Strong acids Acceptable
Weak alkalis Excellent
Strong alkalis Limited use
Organic solvents Excellent
Oxidation at 500C Excellent
UV radiation (sunlight) Excellent
Galling resistance (adhesive wear) Excellent
Flammability Non-flammable
Corrosion resistance of metals
Pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN) 11,5 - 15,7
Pitting and crevice corrosion Low (<20)
Stress corrosion cracking Susceptible
Primary production energy, CO2 and water
Embodied energy, primary production * 65,8 - 72,6 MJ/kg
CO2 footprint, primary production * 5,26 - 5,8 kg/kg
Water usage * 96,9 - 107 l/kg
Processing energy, CO2 footprint & water
Casting energy * 10,8 - 11,9 MJ/kg
Casting CO2 * 0,809 - 0,894 kg/kg
Casting water * 20,4 - 30,6 l/kg
Vaporization energy * 1,09e4 - 1,2e4 MJ/kg
Vaporization CO2 * 815 - 900 kg/kg
Vaporization water * 4,53e3 - 6,79e3 l/kg
Coarse machining energy (per unit wt removed) * 1,9 - 2,1 MJ/kg
Coarse machining CO2 (per unit wt removed) * 0,142 - 0,157 kg/kg
Fine machining energy (per unit wt removed) * 14,7 - 16,2 MJ/kg
Fine machining CO2 (per unit wt removed) * 1,1 - 1,22 kg/kg
Grinding energy (per unit wt removed) * 28,9 - 31,9 MJ/kg
Grinding CO2 (per unit wt removed) * 2,17 - 2,4 kg/kg
Non-conventional machining energy (per unit wt removed) * 109 - 120 MJ/kg
Non-conventional machining CO2 (per unit wt removed) * 8,15 - 9 kg/kg
Recycling and end of life
Recycle True
Embodied energy, recycling * 14,4 - 16 MJ/kg
CO2 footprint, recycling * 1,13 - 1,25 kg/kg
Recycle fraction in current supply 35,5 - 39,3 %
Downcycle True
Combust for energy recovery False
Landfill False
Biodegrade False
Principal component Iron
Typical exploited ore grade 45,1 - 49,9 %
Minimum economic ore grade 25 - 70 %
Abundance in Earth's crust 4,1e4 - 6,3e4 ppm
Abundance in seawater 0,0025 - 0,003 ppm
Annual world production, principal component 3,87e9 tonne/yr
Reserves, principal component 8,1e10 tonne
Main mining areas (metric tonnes per year)
Australia, 530e6
Brazil, 389e6
Canada, 40e6
China, 1.32e9
India, 150e3
Iran, 37e3
Kazakhstan, 25e6
Russia, 102e6
South Africa, 67e6
Sweden, 26e6
Ukraine, 80e6
United States of America, 52e6
Venezuela, 30e6
Other countries, 88e6